In Post 44 of 100: Transphobia is patriarchal misogyny, I got very focused on talking about why confronting Transphobia directly, even spectacle-seeking professional transphobic organizations, is necessary. Then I talked about a specific event that inspired these thoughts here in Seattle.
What I didn’t talk about in that post (although I sort of started to touch on in post 41 of 100: why do some people care so much about gender?), is why transphobia is patriarchal misogyny in the first place.
Before I, a cisgendered man talk about this, I want to point my reader to “The Transfeminist Manifesto,” as one of the most accessible readings that I can recommend that starts to explain how and why feminism isn’t really feminism if it excludes trans feminism. It also does a very good job of explaining why feminism that tries to exclude trans experience or queer experience from its analysis of patriarchy is ignoring an aspect of misogyny that will always server to strengthen patriarchal systems. Beyond that source, I am probably not going to include a whole lot more links, as I am not trying to replicate a complex academic philosophy paper in this blog. The following is a synthesis of many authors who have shaped my ideas about gender and its multiple roles in society, and if you are interested in any of these ideas, please feel free to ask me about them.
There are as many ways of being trans as there are ways of being a women as there are of being a human being. I would be an idiot to pretend to be able to speak for the experience of trans people, and that is largely why I pointed to the Transfeminist Manifesto above. But I am a human being who has experienced gendering from a social perspective, a familial perspective and a personal perspective. I think there is a reasonable perspective on the topic of misogyny that says “ a patriarchal society that reinforces its gendered hierarchy by sowing misogyny, a hatred of and contempt for women, is going to cause the most harm to people who have experienced life with the gendered expectations of being identified as a women.” This is pretty much the most straight forward way of thinking about the impact of misogyny, AND it would clearly apply to any transperson who began life having the gender expectations of femininity placed upon them, or who experienced life in the world and saw feminine gender expectations as something that expressed and authentic part of themselves. Thus it works pretty well as a starting point for arguing that misogyny affects at least all trans men, trans women, and any non-binary people who have ever identified or been identified as feminine.
However, I think when you look deeper into patriarchal constructions of social, political and economic power, and how basic concepts of property, citizenship and basic human rights are defined to reinforce patriarchal systems, it becomes clear that the category of women is perhaps the critical element that patriarchy requires to exist. What I am saying it isn’t the existence of men or masculinity that underwrites a patriarchal system, it is the constructed category of gendered being called “woman” that enables the existence of patriarchy. That might seem a little confusing and convoluted, because a universe with only one gender is actual a universe without any gender at all. Because no one would be able to notice or talk about their gender without having something to compare it to. This is true of all identity markers. There is no being alive without death, no being able-bodied without disability, no being healthy without sickness, no such thing as being white without having people who get classified as non-white, and no one is rich, in a capitalist economic sense, without others living in poverty.
So patriarchy requires at least 2 genders in order to establish a society in which one group are innately expected to inherit decision making power over the other. Now, if there always have to be at least two categories in existence for any hierarchy to function, and only one of those categories can be argued to have inherent claims to power and authority because of innate functions of that category, then those categories also have to be innate, or ESSENTIAL, to a person’s functional identity. In other words, for patriarchal logic to function at all, if the category of “woman” is not intrinsic and consisting of traits that are immutable, then there is no functional argument for saying that women are incapable of filling X leadership position, or of inheriting property, or that women have to prioritize child care because their bodies are immutably designed to be baby factories as their primary purpose on earth. This makes trans-ness existing as a real human possibility an inherently hostile reality to patriarchy, even if it is still possible for trans people to believe in patriarchy or perform acts of misogyny.
In other words, trans-ness itself is an assault on patriarchal authority and that is why people who might never realize they have ever encountered a trans person before can be so easily convinced to support transphobic rhetoric. Trans-ness will always muddle a world view of gender and sex as immutable categories that can be used to define and assign power within a society.
Now there is another kind of Transphobia that is a reactionary response to patriarchal and misogynistic violence, and this is transphobia that gets called trans-exclusive radical feminism, or TERF, and I think its perspective is most clearly and publicly pushed today by J.K Rowling. 25 years ago, I was much more sympathetic to this argument myself, as I was coming to terms with how much violence is perpetuated in the world in the name of masculinity and preserving patriarchal power. Even though I am a cis man, I could easily understand why many woman would want to inhabit a world without men. One of the things that attracted me to books like Refusing to be a Manat this time was wondering whether it was possible to socially deconstruct masculinity in its entirely, and possibly live in a world where gender itself was as useless an identity category as “Roman” or “Saxon.”
It took me a really long time, lots of reading, and having close friends come out to me as trans to help me see that the problem with the TERF perspective is that it is a perspective that is inherently defined by a trauma that only gets projected forward when you concede to essentializing the underlying characteristics of gender. As a trauma response, it can be acknowledged and accommodated in certain situations for those whom have experienced violent patriarchal misogyny as they heal and recover from those traumas, but I think it is necessary to also question what the need and safety concerns really are when people start placing demands on large scale public spaces built upon TERF logic. In the case of someone like J.K. Rowling, who has enough money that she is already capable of creating a fortress to protect herself from whatever she is afraid of happening from public “women’s only spaces” including trans people, it is pretty obvious that even if her believes in trans-exclusion are coming from a place of personal experience and need, she is being used by patriarchal misogynists to reinforce a society where the kind of violence she is afraid of is going to be rampant and uncontrollable.
In other words, to sum all of this up: Attacking trans women will never make cis women safer from the violence of patriarchal misogyny. It might protect their racial, class and cisgendered privileges within a patriarchal society, but only by deflecting the attention of the bully/abuser of authority onto a different target. It is impossible to dismantle patriarchy or misogyny, or want to put an end to patriarchal misogynist violence without also targeting transmisogyny and transphobia.